Extreme heat is the deadliest weather-related threat in the U.S. In Phoenix, where heat kills more people than homicides each year, the fire department is creating a model for the country in the battle against heatstroke, by using bags of ice.

Phoenix

Phoenix, Arizona, is experiencing a significant increase in heat-related emergencies as extreme temperatures become more frequent. In response, local firefighters have implemented a low-tech but highly effective protocol: placing heatstroke patients in bags filled with ice water to rapidly reduce their core body temperature.

This method, adapted from military protocols, is now standard practice in Phoenix and has been shown to cool patients three to five times faster than older techniques, such as applying ice packs or administering cold IV fluids. The approach is credited with saving lives by reducing the risk of brain damage and organ failure, and it is being adopted at trailheads and hospitals across the city.

Phoenix firefighters using low-tech approach to battle heatstroke

Nearly half of the country is suffering through a relentless heat wave, with temperatures and humidity soaring. Extreme heat is the deadliest weather-related threat in the U.S., and heat-related deaths have doubled since 1999. One city is on the front lines in turning into an unlikely saver, bags of ice. In Phoenix, where heat kills more people than homicides each year, the fire department is creating a model that could be coming to a city near you in the battle against heatstroke. Ben Tracy with our partners at Climate Central shows us how this low-tech approach is actually saving lives. What are we heading to right now? So right now we're going to a 50s female outside of a dollar store. Phoenix firefighter Colin Kennedy always knows one number. It's 105, 106 degrees. The pavement is hot. They find a woman having a stroke on a hot sidewalk. If her temperature hit 104 degrees, they would put her inside one of these blue bags and fill it with ice water. Firefighters demonstrated what is now their standard heatstroke protocol to quickly cool a person down on their way to the ER. We have a bag and we have ice and we're saving lives with it. Captain Dave Kirk says cold water immersion began with the military. With climate change driving longer, hotter heat waves, Phoenix faces 39 more hot summer days compared to 1970. And Climate Central found that dangerous multi-day heat streaks are increasing nationwide. Old ways of treating heatstroke no longer cut it. Putting ice packs around the neck area, the groin area, and then giving cold IV fluids. How much more effective is this approach of putting somebody in this bag of ice? It's night and day. It can cool patients up to three to five times faster, critical to avoiding brain damage and organ failure. Here in America's hottest city where firefighters train in the searing sun, every fire station now has something you'd find at a gas station. We've got eight bags at seven pounds each inside essentially a large trash bag right now. And this bag is going to come out and it's going to come with us on the call. So right now we've been dispatched to a person down at a bus stop, unconscious person. In a trial last year, they used the ice bags more than 300 times. This summer, Phoenix is now stockpiling ice at popular trailheads to cool overheated hikers like this one on the spot. We're seeing people go from 108, 109, 110 core body temperature to 101 or 100 degrees even by the time they arrive at the hospital. Sir, can you tell me your name? At this Phoenix hospital, Dr. Jeff Komp has been training his team on the protocol for a few years. Why is putting somebody basically in ice water more effective? Because it's fast. The thermal conductivity of water is so much faster than air. Zip him up. He says cooling patients before the ER is a game changer. If we're able to decrease the amount of time that the patient is impacted by that higher temperature, it's going to be better. By doing this, we're decreasing mortality. We're saving people's lives. A new weapon in the cold war on heat. For Climate Central, I'm Ben Tracy in Phoenix.

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