Since April 2023, Sudan's army chief Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and his former ally, paramilitary leader Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, have turned on each other, plunging the nation into a deadly power struggle. Sudan's two-year civil war is believed to have drawn in several global powers — all denying involvement.

Al Fashir

Sudan has endured over two years of intense conflict between the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), led by Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, and the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), headed by Abdel Fattah al-Burhan. The fighting, which began after a fallout between former allies following the 2021 coup, has resulted in thousands of deaths and the displacement of millions, creating what is described as the world's largest humanitarian crisis.

Both sides have been accused of war crimes and atrocities, with international actors allegedly supplying weapons and support. Despite repeated calls for a ceasefire and international pressure to halt arms flows, the conflict continues as both factions seek complete control over Sudan.

Inside Sudan's two-year abyss: The warlords and their allies

More than two years of brutal war in Sudan have created the world's biggest humanitarian crisis. Thousands have been killed and millions have been displaced. The war centres on two rival militaries and their fight for power. On the one side is the Rapid Support Forces, or RSF, led by Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, also known as Hemedti. On the other side is the Sudanese Armed Forces, or SAF, led by Abdel Fattah al-Burhan. Once allies in their fight to overthrow Sudan's former government, they became enemies in the aftermath of the 2021 coup. Abdel Fattah al-Burhan is Sudan's de facto leader and represents Sudan on the global stage. Hemedti's RSF has its origins in the Janjawi militia, which was accused of genocide and ethnic cleansing against the Darfur region's non-Arab population in the mid-2000s. It's history repeating and it becomes worse every time a place is taken over by the other party. Over the past two years of fighting, both the RSF and the SAF have been accused of war crimes and atrocities. International backers are also alleged to be supplying weapons to the conflict. Multiple UN reports accuse the United Arab Emirates of providing weapons to the RSF, claims Abu Dhabi denies, and Sudan's armed forces have support from Egypt. While those are the two key players, there are plenty of others allegedly providing military support, or with strategic interests in the conflict. They're being called on to put an end to the war. One thing that is essential to stop the fighting is to make sure that no more weapons come into Sudan. Calls for a ceasefire have done nothing to stop the bloodshed, with both sides determined to claim victory and complete control of Sudan.

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