Sudan says the lack of coordination and exchange of information by Ethiopia while building the dam, could threaten its own reservoirs.
Three countries depend on water from the Nile and have been at odds over how to share it.

Ad-Damazīn

Sudan's Roseires Dam, located downstream from Ethiopia's Grand Renaissance Dam (GERD), has seen both positive and negative impacts since GERD became fully operational. Operators report that there has been no significant negative effect on power production, and the dam has benefited from reduced silt accumulation, which had previously diminished its storage capacity.

However, concerns persist regarding the risk of flooding if water releases from GERD are not properly coordinated, especially given the Roseires Dam's vulnerable earth embankments. Experts warn that without a legally binding agreement between Sudan and Ethiopia on dam operations, the Roseires Dam and downstream communities remain at high risk. Political leaders have yet to reach such an accord.

Sudan's Roseires Dam sees benefits but fears risk from Ethiopian GERD

With the Ethiopian Grand Renaissance dam in full operation, downstream, Sudan's hydropower dams are on high alert. Roussiris is the closest. It's 60 years older and when constructed was 25 times smaller and will likely bear the brunt of the fallout if anything goes wrong at the Ethiopian dam. But so far so good, say the operators at Roussiris. Until now, we haven't felt any bad impact on power production. We've heard talk but haven't seen anything worth mentioning. Not only that, but Sudan could also benefit from the dam upstream. One of the serious problems since the initial filling of the Roussiris Reservoir in 1966 has been the accumulation of silt. By 2010, the lake already lost 30% of its capacity. Removing that silt has been near impossible due to logistical challenges and cost. The only solution was to increase the height of the dam by 10%. That happened in 2013, increasing its storage capacity from 3 to 7.1 billion cubic metres. Now engineers say the problem of more silt in the future has largely been solved by the Ethiopian dam. The first benefit has been controlling the overflow which used to be extremely high. Then there is the reduction of the huge amounts of silt and trees that the river used to bring into Roussiris during the rainy season, causing its storage capacity to shrink by a third. Roussiris' output of 280 megawatts powers several neighbouring regions and irrigates more than one million hectares of farmland. It also supplies drinking water storage facilities all the way to Khartoum. It's so vital, Sudanese say, they don't even want to think about anything happening to it. But they may have to. Imagine if you have Roussiris at high level and too much water comes. It might overtop the dam itself. And the problem is that the two sides of the Roussiris dam are earth embankments, it's not concrete. And this earth embankment is very vulnerable to this kind of huge flow coming in. Any damage to the dam could cause devastating flooding and Yasser says this could happen without proper coordination with the operators of the Ethiopian dam, which has been the case so far. Without a legally binding agreement on the cooperation between the GERD and Roussiris, I think the Roussiris dam is in high risk. But political leaders have yet to agree on any accord, a crucial requirement that could make or break livelihoods and peace in communities on the Nile. Mohamed Val, Al Jazeera, at the Roussiris dam in Damazin, Sudan.

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Breakdown