The Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine has been awarded to Mary E Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi for their work on the functioning of the human immune system.

Osaka

The Nobel Prize for medicine has been awarded to Shimon Sakaguchi of Japan, along with Americans Mary Brunkov and Fred Ramsdell, for their pioneering research into peripheral immune tolerance. Their discoveries began with studies on mice suffering from autoimmune conditions and led to the identification of a gene that controls the development of T-cells, which prevent the immune system from attacking the body's own tissues.

The Nobel committee recognized their work for its potential to open new avenues in medicine, particularly in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancer. While the immediate impact on patients is not yet measurable, the research is expected to provide significant relief to those affected by these conditions in the future.

Nobel Prize for medicine awarded to immune system researchers

Japan's latest Nobel laureate celebrated in Osaka on Monday after his prize for physiology or medicine was announced in Sweden. Shimon Sakaguchi's research into autoimmune diseases was honoured alongside that of Americans Mary Brunkov and Fred Ramsdell for their discoveries in peripheral immune tolerance. I suppose I could call it a pleasant surprise. That's the best way to put it. I thought our research might be useful to people and in clinical settings and that some kind of reward might come. But receiving such an honour at this stage is surprising and an honour. As with so many discoveries, this great leap for humankind began with mice, specifically male mice, which were born with a host of health problems and died after a few weeks. The importance of the discovery is a fundamental principle, how we avoid autoimmunity. Sakaguchi started all the research when Ramsdell and Brunkov looked at this scurvy mouse. They were trying to understand, like basic research, why is this mouse getting ill? The answer took years to arrive at as Sakaguchi and the two Americans made separate steps forward while feeding off each other's work. The Nobel laureates found that an autoimmune disease affecting boys was a human variant of the one afflicting mice. That enabled them to isolate a gene that controls the development of T-cells that stop our immune systems from attacking us. Alfred Nobel's will stipulated that breakthroughs with the biggest benefits to humankind should be honoured. This prize has been awarded for the possibilities it opens up in medicine rather than measurable impact on patients. If you compare to maybe the first Nobel Prize in physics that Röntgen got, the X-ray, I'm sure he didn't know what the benefit would be of that prize that everybody uses like several times in a lifetime. For this prize, we don't know either, but we can be pretty sure that it's going to be a relief for those having autoimmune diseases and cancer. With cures for both proving elusive, that will be the hope for countless thousands of people around the world. Paul Rees, Al Jazeera, Stockholm.

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