This year marks the 35th anniversary of the Oka Crisis, a land dispute between the Mohawks of Kanesatake and the town of Oka, Que. In a violent conflict that began on July 11, 1990, and lasted more than two months, the Mohawks protested against the town of Oka’s plans to build a golf course on land that included an Indigenous burial ground.

The Oka standoff, which occurred 35 years ago, involved Mohawk protesters maintaining a roadblock for several months to oppose the expansion of a golf course onto land they claimed as their own. Despite court injunctions and mounting pressure from the town of Oka, the Mohawks refused to remove their barricade, citing their historical connection to the land.

Tensions escalated when provincial police attempted to clear the barricade, resulting in a violent confrontation that included the use of tear gas, stun grenades, and gunfire, leading to the death of a police officer. The standoff concluded with a chaotic surrender by the Mohawk warriors, but no further serious injuries were reported.

Throwback: Oka, 35 years after the standoff

They've been manning the roadblock for four months, and this is the second injunction they're defying. Ghana-Sitake Mohawks are determined to keep the town of Oka off land they claim is theirs, determined to stop an extension to this nine-hole golf course. We don't have to show it's our land because we know it's our land. We know that we were here when you came, so how can you say it's yours? The town says it does own the land. Earlier in the week, it obtained an injunction ordering the Mohawks to remove the barricade. The deadline ran out this morning. But town workers didn't show up today to try to take the barrier down themselves. Mohawks say workers could try tomorrow, but they won't be successful. We're going to take a stand. We're not going to allow them to take the barricade down. Mohawks say the fact that this barrier is still here today is a big victory for them. They say it shows the town of Oka is afraid to act on its injunction because it knows it's in the wrong. Provincial police arrived at dawn, secured their position, and gave the Mohawk until 8 to clear out. The battle for the barricade started just before 9 o'clock. On one side, heavily armed provincial police lobbed tear gas and stun grenades. The Mohawks responded with automatic firepower. A police officer took a bullet in the face, which proved fatal. That seemed to turn the tide. The police, who had been advancing until then, turned tail and fled, leaving six of their vehicles behind. From a stunning, chaotic end tonight to the bitter, drawn-out siege at Oka, Mohawk warriors put down their weapons and sprang out of the woods into the hands of surprise soldiers, soldiers who were expecting a more orderly surrender. And that element of surprise turned the end of the standoff into a series of wild scuffles. But no shots were fired, and there are no reports of serious injuries.

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Breakdown