French Prime Minister Francois Bayrou failed in a confidence vote in parliament on Monday, bringing an end to a 9-month spell as head of the French government, but one that was never likely to be plain sailing.

Paris

François Bayrou was appointed as France's prime minister after a long political career, stepping into the role amid a government crisis over national debt. His time in office was quickly overshadowed by the Bétharame affair, a major child abuse scandal from his tenure as education minister, which led to a parliamentary inquiry and accusations of failure to act—claims Bayrou denies.

Bayrou also faced setbacks with the unsuccessful pension conclave and controversy over the attempted reintroduction of a harmful pesticide, which was ultimately blocked by the constitutional council. While he achieved some legislative successes, such as measures against drug trafficking and aid for cyclone-hit Mayotte, his popularity remains low, with only 19% of the public expressing a favourable opinion according to a recent poll.

A look back at Bayrou's nine months as French PM

François Bayrou's four-decade political career is hanging in the balance. He was appointed as prime minister on the 13th of December 2024, replacing Michel Barnier. It was a crowning achievement for Bayrou after three unsuccessful presidential bids. But it was never going to be smooth sailing. France's government was already in crisis over its plans to bring down the country's debt. I know that the chances of difficulties are much greater than the chances of success. I am well aware of the Himalayan mountain of difficulties of all kinds that await us, first and foremost budgetary, of course, then political, and the deterioration of the society in which we find ourselves. Within his first few weeks, those difficulties grew. Beginning with the Bétharame affair, it's one of France's biggest child abuse scandals in a school. Bayrou was education minister at the time the crimes took place. But how much did he know? For the left, there is no doubt, and a parliamentary inquiry commission accused him of failure to act. That's something he rejects. I did everything I had to do when I was minister, and I did everything I thought I had to do when I was no longer minister. Then there was the failure of Bayrou's pension conclave. This closed-door meeting with trade unions and employer organizations aimed to find a solution to the country's unpopular 2023 retirement reform. It ended with no agreement. Another notable event in the last nine months was the forced passage of legislation that authorized the return of a controversial pesticide. Research has shown it to be harmful, and its reintroduction was blocked by France's constitutional council in August. Despite some legislative successes, such as laws to combat drug trafficking and to rebuild cyclone-hit Mayotte, Bayrou is deeply unpopular. A recent Ipsos poll indicates only 19% of French people, just one in five, have a favourable opinion of their prime minister.

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