UN sanctions on Iran that were lifted as part of the 2015 nuclear deal are set to come back in force, essentially killing the landmark agreement. The inability to find a common ground – on all sides - is raising fears of further confrontation.

Tehran

Sanctions previously lifted under the 2015 Iran nuclear deal are set to be reimposed after a United Nations vote. The decision follows the collapse of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, which had curbed Iran's nuclear activities in exchange for sanctions relief. The snapback mechanism has been triggered, reinstating measures such as arms embargoes and banking restrictions under Chapter 7 of the UN Charter.

Diplomatic efforts to revive the agreement have failed, particularly after recent escalations involving Israel and Iran. While Iran maintains its nuclear program is for peaceful purposes, Western diplomats remain concerned about its growing stockpile of highly enriched uranium. The future remains uncertain, with some suggesting the end of the deal could open the door to new negotiations, while others warn of increased risk of conflict.

Sanctions against Iran set to resume after UN vote

The Iran nuclear deal is dead. That was the unspoken message at the United Nations this week as Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu claimed victory, calling Iran's nuclear ambitions a global threat. Iran is defying the global non-proliferation regime. Now with the snapback mechanism triggered, every sanction lifted under the 2015 nuclear deal will be back in force. From arms embargoes to banking restrictions, Iran is once again under Chapter 7 of the UN Charter, which allows the Security Council to enforce its resolutions through the use of force. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action was once hailed as a breakthrough, curbing Iran's nuclear activities in exchange for sanctions relief. The U.S. withdrawal in 2018 gave it a fatal blow, but European efforts kept it on life support. Now, the deal is all but buried. Ultimately, it's not as if the sky will fall and we will have to surrender if they go through with the snapback. The reality is that with the measures we have in place, with the relationships we maintain, we will be able to overcome the situation. Attempts since 2018 to revive the agreement have all faded. The last one was when the U.S. and Iran indirectly negotiated earlier this year in Oman. Then the Israeli attack on Iran changed the whole picture. It accelerated the shift, reframing the issue from a diplomatic crisis into a security confrontation. Western diplomats point to Iran's stockpile of highly enriched uranium, more than 400 kilos, at 60% purity, dangerously close to weapons-grade. But Iran has always maintained its program is peaceful and that it never seeks nuclear weapons. Interest to resolve it diplomatically is still there, but at the same time, Iran wants diplomacy within their own perimeters, with their own red lines. They want to reserve and save this nuclear program for civilian purposes. They want to continue to be able to enrich. And now they've even given lives, their lives for this program. So it's become even more difficult for them to negotiate it away or to concede it. Some believe the death of the nuclear deal may clear the way for new negotiations no longer tied to the liabilities of 2015. But without an agreement, others warn, the gray areas may not hold. And that could mean the choice is not diplomacy, but war. With or without a deal, the question now is not just about sanctions, but whether the international community can find a new way forward before the situation spirals out of control. Ali Hashim, Al Jazeera.

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