In Iran's remote plains and mountains, nomadic women endure life without access to proper toilets and clean water. Despite being vital to Iran's economy, these nomads face a daily struggle for basic sanitation and hygiene.

Tehran

Women in Iran's nomadic tribes, particularly in the Fars province, continue to face significant challenges in accessing basic sanitation. Many families lack access to water, portable toilets, and other essential facilities, often resorting to open defecation due to insufficient government support. 

Although the Iranian government pledged to provide portable toilets and solar-powered water heaters to all nomadic families, only about a quarter of the population has received these resources. Legal restrictions on construction in natural reserves further complicate the situation, leaving healthcare and sanitation services to be delivered through portable units. Despite making up 2% of Iran's population and contributing 25% of the country's red meat, nomadic women endure ongoing health and sanitation hardships.

Iran's nomad community: Women struggle for sanitation

This woman is part of a nomadic tribe in the Fars province of southern Iran, home to the largest nomadic population in the country. Access to basic sanitation is a major challenge here. I don't have water, I don't have a tanker, I don't have a chair, no one helps me. The Nomadic Affairs Office of the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad is responsible for the education and health care of the nomads. However the community says a lack of support leaves them with no choice but to make do and sometimes relieve themselves in the open. We don't have a car, we don't have a place to stay. We have a daughter, a son, a daughter who is an adult. This is one of the strangest problems for the nomads. Well, we see it. This is our open space. Now someone behind a tree, in a valley, in a waterfall, this is also considered, as the saying goes, to be lost. This is really shameful. In 2023, the Iranian government promised to provide all nomadic families with portable toilets and solar-powered water heaters. But progress has been slow. As of May 2025, Iranian media reported that only 25% of the nomad population has received them so far. They have their own toilet. Why do they have a toilet here? They came to their own toilet and made a service. But when they went to a waterfall, they came and ruined it. They said, why did they build it in a natural spring? Construction on the natural reserve land is prohibited by law. That is why even healthcare services in nomadic areas are normally provided in portable units. Iran's 1.6 million nomads make up around 2% of the total population. They migrate seasonally in search of fresh pastures and to secure water and food for their livestock. Nomadic women play a significant role in their families, raising children and preparing food. But these women have to endure health challenges. We are asked to go to the airport urgently. We are asked to go to the doctor's office so that we can come out of the house. But this is not possible. Unfortunately, they don't let us go to the city. The city is a manufacturer, but it has no value in this country. Nomads are vital to Iran's economy, producing 25% of its red meat. Yet, despite their contributions, they struggle daily for basic sanitation and other needs.

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