Security threats have cast a long shadow over trade in Nigeria's northeast for years, with Boko Haram and local bandits posing significant challenges to businesses.

Maiduguri

Markets in northeast Nigeria, particularly in Maiduguri, are gradually recovering after years of violence and disruption caused by Boko Haram. Traders like Mani Hamisu and Saini Garba have suffered significant losses, with many losing their businesses and employees due to attacks. While business activity is slowly increasing, only about 40% of pre-insurgency trade volume has returned, as many customers have relocated.

The conflict has resulted in the deaths of hundreds of traders and fishermen, and the threat from Boko Haram persists, limiting the region's economic recovery. Local markets played a crucial role in sustaining the population during the conflict, and residents emphasize the resilience of traders and transporters. However, ongoing security concerns continue to hinder the full revival of economic activities in the region.

Northeast Nigeria markets rebound, but Boko Haram’s shadow lingers

Mani Hamisu is broke, but not broken, having suffered huge losses due to attacks by Boko Haram. His fleet of vehicles used in bringing vital supplies to Maiduguri have all been destroyed by the fighters. I had more than 100 young people working for me, but as we speak, I can hardly afford to take care of my family. Mani now borrows vehicles from friends to deliver food items to the city, for a fee. Business is gradually picking up at markets across the North East. Saini Garba has run a fish business here for 30 years. He also incurred heavy losses, but refuses to leave the city. The challenge now, he says, is bringing back his old customers. Only 40% of pre-insurgency volume of trade is back at the moment. Many of our customers have gone elsewhere. Officials here at the Baigaroad fish market say at least 200 traders have been killed by Boko Haram in the 16 years of conflict. Its fighters also killed hundreds of fishermen whose catchers filled these tables. During the siege on Maiduguri, local markets like this were all that stood between people and starvation. While security forces and health workers have been widely celebrated for tackling the insurgency, some residents say it's time to recognize the role played by other groups. The resilience of our traders and transporters made the difference between life and death for many. Boko Haram has been degraded, but there is still a significant risk to lives and to economic activities, a reality that continues to hinder businesses from reaching their full potential in Nigeria's North East. Ahmed Idris, Al Jazeera, Maiduguri.

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Breakdown