During this week's artificial intelligence summit in Paris, arguments were made that advanced AI is critical in the world's current threat landscape. Many militaries are exploring how advanced AI technology can be integrated into weapons systems, including nuclear missiles.

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The release of Open AI's ChatGPT has accelerated the development of artificial intelligence and warnings about its impact on society.

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During an artificial intelligence summit held in Paris, discussions highlighted the potential role of advanced AI in modern military strategies, particularly regarding nuclear weapons. It was emphasized that while AI has been used in military weapons systems, including nuclear, since the Cold War, what is new is the focus on integrating machine learning AI. Unlike traditional rules-based AI, machine learning involves computers independently analyzing data to make decisions, potentially improving target selection and defense systems with reduced human error.

Countries like the United States are actively exploring this technology. For instance, the US Navy is planning to implement commercial machine learning technology to enhance the detection of underwater threats by the coming year. However, there are significant concerns about integrating AI into nuclear weapons and other critical systems too rapidly. Experts point out the risks of AI "hallucinations," where the systems may generate incorrect data up to 5% of the time, a potentially catastrophic issue when involving nuclear targeting decisions. Additionally, the lack of comprehensive real-world data presents further challenges in training AI systems effectively.

Companies such as Anthropic, along with various experts at the summit, advised caution against the immediate application of advanced AI in nuclear weapons. The company's representatives warned that given the current limitations and risks, AI should not be directly incorporated into such systems until more robust and reliable solutions are developed.



How AI could be incorporated into nuclear weapons

During this week's Artificial Intelligence Summit in Paris, many argued AI is critical in today's threat landscape. And this comes as many militaries across the globe explore how advanced AI technology can be integrated into weapons systems, including nuclear missiles. First, it's important to clarify that artificial intelligence, it's been used in weapons systems previously, including nuclear weapons, since the Cold War. The military uses rules-based AI. That means a computer is programmed to do a specific task and it doesn't think for itself. But what's now being tested is integrated machine learning AI. And machine learning involves a computer being trained to think on its own using algorithms and data sets. Now, machine learning AI could revamp target selection programs and weapons defense systems, meaning a computer could analyze all intelligence data to make a targeting decision in seconds and potentially do so with less risk of human error or bias. The US Navy, in fact, announced in 2024 it's using commercial machine learning technology to improve its ability to detect underwater threats such as enemy missiles. Now, of course, experts have raised concerns about moving too quickly to incorporate this technology into nuclear weapons. Depending on the model, advanced AI is at risk of hallucinating as much as 5% of the times. That means it confidently produces incorrect data. In a targeting scenario involving nuclear weapons, that, of course, could lead to catastrophic results. There's also a lack of real-world data which makes it harder to feed a machine learning system the necessary information to make critical decisions. Now, these concerns are among the reasons why AI companies like Anthropic warned at this week's summit in Paris that advanced AI should not be incorporated directly into nuclear weapons for now.

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Rise of AI