En las colinas de las afueras de Roma se alza el palacio de Castel Gandolfo, la centenaria residencia de verano de los papas junto al lago, que también alberga el Observatorio Vaticano, creado en 1891 para ayudar a salvar el abismo entre religión y ciencia.

Castel Gandolfo

The Vatican Observatory, situated at the historic Castel Gandolfo outside Rome, serves as both a symbol and a center for the intersection of science and religion. Established in 1891, the observatory was created to demonstrate the compatibility of faith and scientific inquiry. Today, it continues this mission by hosting a four-week summer school for 25 students from around the world, providing them with unique opportunities to study planetary formation and other astronomical topics.

The observatory is led by Jesuit Brother Guy Consolmagno and employs a team of astronomers, including those responsible for a significant meteorite collection. Students and staff emphasize that participation is not dependent on religious beliefs, and the program aims to unite people through science. The observatory also serves as a reminder of the historical tensions between the church and science, exemplified by Galileo's experiences, but now stands as a place where faith and reason are seen as complementary pursuits.

Escudriñar el cielo en el Observatorio Vaticano

Castel Gandolfo se alza en las colinas de las afueras de Roma. El centenario palacio de verano de los papas junto al lago. León XIV viene la próxima semana pero ha habido algunos residentes de verano menos predecibles viviendo en medio de estos extensos jardines del Vaticano. Estudiantes de astronomía. En ese caso puedes añadir tanto hidrógeno molecular como quieras. Entre ellos la americana Isabella Macias. Una estudiante graduada en el MIT. Está estudiando la formación planetaria y es muy elegante. Me encantan tus pendientes. Gracias. Es el sistema solar. Macías es uno de los 25 estudiantes seleccionados de todo el mundo para asistir gratuitamente a esta escuela de verano de cuatro semanas en el Observatorio Vaticano. ¿Qué puedes hacer en el Vaticano? ¿Qué puedes hacer aquí que no puedas hacer en el MIT? De acuerdo. El Vaticano tiene una rica y profunda historia de trabajo con los astrónomos. Demuestra que la ciencia no es sólo para las superpotencias mundiales... sino para los estudiantes, para la humanidad. Esta semana pasada celebraron las nuevas imágenes procedentes de ese telescopio en el Observatorio Vera C. Rubin en Chile. Por cierto, Vera Rubin fue profesora en nuestra primera escuela de verano. Puedes ver que en realidad hay dos telescopios aquí. El hermano jesuita Guy Consolmagno es el director. Es uno de la docena de astrónomos que trabajan para el Papa. ¿Por qué el Papa tiene un astrónomo? ¿No deberían todas las grandes religiones tener un astrónomo? Sabes que es algo genial de tener. Muy en serio hay un par de cosas que motivaron al Papa León XIII a crear un Observatorio Vaticano. Todo esto ocurrió en 1891 y ese fue el momento cuando la idea realmente entró por primera vez en la conciencia pública que podría haber una guerra entre la ciencia y la religión. Quería demostrar que no existía tal guerra. ¿Fue un esfuerzo de relaciones públicas al principio? Siempre ha sido un esfuerzo de relaciones públicas. Fue útil en los años anteriores a que el Vaticano fuera reconocido como ciudad-estado en 1929 cuando el observatorio participó en un esfuerzo a finales de 1800 para fotografiar el cielo. Cada observatorio nacional obtuvo una pieza para fotografiar. Italia obtuvo una pieza, el Vaticano otra. Así que el observatorio era un símbolo de estado. Hoy en día, hablar aquí de poderes superiores puede referirse sólo a los telescopios. ¿Eres religioso? No soy un hombre de fe, no. El estudiante polaco Simon Peteniak se sorprendió al ver que el Vaticano tenía un observatorio. En la solicitud no me preguntaron ni una sola vez por mis creencias religiosas. y eso demuestra lo maravillosa que puede ser la ciencia para unir a la gente. A menudo ves a un científico con una bata blanca de laboratorio. Sí y, de hecho, a menudo llevo la bata de laboratorio sobre el cuello sólo por diversión. El hermano Bob Mackey está a cargo de la colección del Vaticano de aproximadamente 1200 meteoritos... que él llama cápsulas del tiempo del sistema solar. La historia de la ciencia incluye muchos, muchos clérigos. No se piensa en ello hoy en día porque pensamos en la ciencia como un campo de estudio muy secular pero en realidad, ¿quién tenía en el pasado el tiempo y los recursos para estudiar? En una de sus salidas, los estudiantes pudieron conocer al nuevo Papa, que estudió matemáticas en la Universidad de Villanova. Sé generoso al compartir lo que aprendes. Pero otra excursión fue un recordatorio de esas tensiones históricas entre la Iglesia y los científicos. Galileo hizo su dinero, hizo su fama. El Museo Galileo de Florencia rinde homenaje al astrónomo cuyos escritos en el 1600 sobre la tierra orbitando alrededor del sol, y no al revés como la iglesia lo había visto, fue uno de los temas que metió a Galileo Galilei en problemas y lo llevó a juicio eclesiástico. A menudo se considera que la fe y la razón están reñidas. El problema es que, por supuesto, enseñamos ciencia obteniendo las respuestas en la parte de atrás del libro como si la ciencia fuera un gran libro de hechos. Y enseñamos religión como si fuera un gran libro de reglas y un gran libro qué pasa si los dos libros no están de acuerdo entre sí. Pero eso no es ciencia ni religión. El Hermano Guy Consolmagno dice que hay algo inspirador en reflexionar sobre estas grandes cuestiones en un lugar tan hermoso. Pero realmente cualquiera en cualquier lugar puede simplemente mirar hacia el cielo y quedar asombrado en nuestra eterna búsqueda celestial de respuestas.

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