La Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos celebra una vista para pronunciarse sobre casos de esterilización forzada en el pasado de Perú. Grupos de derechos humanos sostienen que el Estado peruano presionó sistemáticamente a miles de mujeres para que se sometieran a procedimientos de esterilización en la década de 1990.

Lima

The Inter-American Court of Human Rights is conducting a hearing to determine accountability in forced sterilisation cases from Peru during the late 1990s. Rights groups state that the Peruvian government, under the leadership of former President Alberto Fujimori, systematically pressured over 300,000 women—many of whom were indigenous and did not speak Spanish—into sterilisation procedures as part of a birth control policy.

Victims and advocacy organisations report that women were often coerced or misled into undergoing surgeries, sometimes under the promise of food or incentives. Testimonies describe lack of informed consent and improper communication regarding the procedures, with quotas and economic motivations for medical staff to meet sterilisation targets.

Peru has consistently denied that the sterilisation campaign was abusive, maintaining that participation was voluntary and informed. Rights groups, however, are urging the court to designate these actions as crimes against humanity, arguing the campaign was both massive and systematic.

The case currently before the court involves Celia Ramos, who died following a sterilisation operation. A ruling in favour of the victims could compel the Peruvian government to pursue reparations and hold individuals accountable. To date, no one has faced prosecution in relation to these events.



El caso de la esterilización forzada en Perú, a examen internacional

Dionisia Calderón recuerda cuando decenas de mujeres yacían en el suelo frente a una clínica rural en su pueblo andino de Cangallo hace 29 años. Les habían dicho que recibirían comida gratis, pero cuando se enteró de que estaban siendo esterilizados, intentó huir. Las enfermeras se dieron cuenta de que me escapaba y gritaron, tienes que volver porque ya estás en la lista. Entonces no sé si fue el médico o la enfermera quien me puso una inyección. Ni siquiera me preguntaron. Después de eso, me desperté con dolor. Dionisia y más de 300.000 mujeres fueron esterilizadas a la fuerza como parte de una política para controlar la natalidad durante el gobierno del difunto presidente Alberto Fujimori. Ahora esperan a la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, aquí en el caso de Celia Ramos, que murió tras una operación en 1997, les ayude a encontrar justicia. Esperamos que se sepa la verdad, que se abra una verdadera investigación y que el estado reconozca y repare adecuadamente el daño, que fue a todos los niveles. Los grupos de derechos humanos afirman que las víctimas fueron coaccionadas u obligadas a someterse a cirugía. Muchos indígenas y pobres no hablaban español y no fueron debidamente informados. Había cuotas e incentivos, incluso económicos, para que médicos y mujeres se sometieran a el procedimiento. También campañas de concienciación sobre los beneficios de las esterilizaciones. Perú siempre ha negado que se tratara de una política abusiva, afirmando que las mujeres tomaban a sabiendas y voluntariamente parte del programa. Los grupos de derechos quieren que la Corte Interamericana determine que los crímenes contra la reproducción salud reproductiva deben ser considerados como crímenes de lesa humanidad, porque dicen que en el caso de Perú, fueron masivos y sistemáticos. Este caso sentará jurisprudencia para miles de mujeres que no pueden tener hijos. Muchas como Dionisia sufrieron mental y físicamente, y se enfrentaron a represalias culturales. Sus maridos o comunidades las rechazaban o abandonaban. Si el tribunal falla a favor de las víctimas, el gobierno debe iniciar el proceso de reparación y detener y procesar a los responsables, ya que casi tres décadas después, nadie ha sido rendido cuentas. Mariana Sanchez, Al Jazeera, Lima.

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