Name: Perú busca reactivar la producción de petróleo en medio de la oposición y la contaminación del pasado
Uploaded: 2025-11-13T21:01:47.302Z
Duration: 4 min 7 s
Description: La Amazonia septentrional de Perú alberga cientos de millones de barriles de crudo, según datos del gobierno. Pero los grupos indígenas afirman que la extracción de petróleo durante el último medio siglo ha traído contaminación, no progreso, y se oponen a una nueva oleada de desarrollo.

La Amazonia septentrional de Perú alberga cientos de millones de barriles de crudo, según datos del gobierno. Pero los grupos indígenas afirman que la extracción de petróleo durante el último medio siglo ha traído contaminación, no progreso, y se oponen a una nueva oleada de desarrollo.

Lima

Efforts are underway in Peru to revive oil production in the Amazon region, where past spills have left lasting environmental damage and fueled mistrust among indigenous communities. State oil company Petro Peru, along with private firms like Upland Oil and Gas, is seeking to restart extraction on dormant sites, promising jobs and community funds.

However, local leaders report ongoing pollution, health issues, and a lack of compensation or cleanup from previous spills. While oil companies claim improvements and blame some incidents on sabotage, community members insist on proper remediation before supporting further drilling.

Perú busca reactivar la producción de petróleo en medio de la oposición y la contaminación del pasado

En la Amazonia peruana, gotas negras burbujean en el agua estancada junto a una tubería oxidada. El líder de Hularina, Wilmer Macuzzi, dice que es petróleo de derrames anteriores, y que aún se filtra en los remansos cercanos a su aldea de Santa Rosa. Nos dijeron que ya estaba todo limpio, y luego allá abajo, otro vertido. Este es el segundo, otro derrame. Con este, serán dos los derrames que se han producido en esta zona. Se supone que estas barreras de plástico detienen un vertido. En lugar de eso, se caen de forma ineficaz. Ahora las compañías petroleras que buscan una reactivación en el norte del país se preguntan si Amazon comunidades de aquí pueden saltarse un pasado aparentemente dañino para relanzar la multimillonaria industria petrolera. Pero los indígenas afirman que la extracción de petróleo trae contaminación, no progreso. Esta región llegó a extraer más de la mitad del petróleo del país, con un máximo de 200.000 barriles. al día en los años 80. Aunque la oposición de la comunidad y el coste de la limpieza hicieron que la producción de petróleo bajara mucho después de 2020. Y los bloques de extracción clave, parcelas de tierra donde se puede extraer petróleo, quedaron inactivos. Pero ahora la petrolera estatal Petro Perú quiere que muchos de ellos vuelvan a estar activos. Aquí se asienta la comunidad de Macusi, donde los niños juegan libremente entre la naturaleza. Y cerca de ella hay un oleoducto construido en los años 70, al que se atribuyen repetidos vertidos. Conecta un yacimiento petrolífero cercano con el oleoducto norperuano, vetusto y con fugas. Macusi dice que dos años después de la última rotura, las cosechas siguen fallando y los peces han desaparecido. Otros ven el Amazonas desde otra perspectiva. Jorge Rivera habló con Reuters con una foto a sus espaldas de su padre, uno de los primeros agricultores de Perú. Perforadores de petróleo en la Amazonia. Rivera apuesta a que su pequeña empresa, Upland Oil and Gas, tendrá éxito en su contrato con Petro Perú para reiniciar la producción en un bloque de extracción paralizado desde hace tiempo. Todo ello sin repetir el pasado contaminante de la industria y ayudando a los pueblos indígenas. Con nosotros, se beneficiarían directamente porque teníamos una estrategia para crear trabajo adicional para ellos y generar unos ingresos continuos durante las actividades de extracción. Pero la desconfianza es profunda. Muchos estudios realizados durante décadas han descubierto que los animales y los pueblos indígenas que viven cerca de yacimientos petrolíferos de Perú han elevado los niveles de plomo, mercurio, cadmio y arsénico. En una pequeña clínica de Santa Rosa, la técnica sanitaria Yvette Maldonado dice que ve el impacto de los vertidos de petróleo. Cuando ha habido un vertido de petróleo, el agua se contamina con petróleo y la comunidad consume el agua del río. Y sobre todo por esa agua contaminada que consumen, tienen diarrea. Mucha diarrea. Petro Perú insiste en que el oleoducto es confiable y dice que el daño por derrame de petróleo es temporal y reversible. Achaca muchos de los vertidos recientes a ataques deliberados, que se han convertido en una fuente de ilícitos en las ciudades ribereñas pobres. Y la empresa de Rivera, Upland, sigue perforando mientras ofrece a los residentes indígenas formación de equipos de respuesta rápida ante derrames y la creación de un fondo comunitario procedente del petróleo. ventas. Pero desde el mes pasado, los líderes de la comunidad dicen que todavía no han visto ese dinero. Y quieren una limpieza adecuada de los vertidos anteriores antes de contemplar la idea de más perforaciones. Para ver más vídeos de la ONU, visite www.un.org

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