Los ataques de Israel contra Irán y las represalias de Teherán podrían amenazar una quinta parte del suministro energético mundial.  Crece la preocupación por la seguridad de las cadenas mundiales de suministro de petróleo, gas y fertilizantes cuando el conflicto entra en su segunda semana.

Tehran

The ongoing conflict between Iran and Israel has led to attacks on critical energy infrastructure, including oil depots, refineries, and gas fields in both countries. The Strait of Hormuz, a key maritime route through which a fifth of the world's oil, gas, and fertilizer supplies pass, faces heightened risks as Iran has previously threatened to close it in response to existential threats.

Damage to facilities in Iran and Israel has already resulted in the suspension of gas exports and partial shutdowns of major refineries. These disruptions have increased the cost of insuring tankers in the region and could drive oil prices higher. The situation is causing concern among major importers such as the EU, China, India, and Japan, as well as Iran's regional neighbors, about the stability of global energy supplies.

El conflicto Irán-Israel podría interrumpir una quinta parte del suministro energético mundial

Este tramo de agua de 33 kilómetros es uno de los suministros de energía más importantes del mundo. rutas. Una quinta parte del suministro mundial de petróleo, fertilizantes y gas pasa por el Estrecho de Ormuz. Irán ha amenazado anteriormente con cortar el cuello de botella marítimo si se enfrenta a lo que él describe como amenazas existenciales. Pero Israel está atacando la infraestructura energética de Irán, incluyendo el depósito de petróleo de Shahran que mantiene las principales reservas de combustible de Teherán, estimadas para unos tres días. Las principales refinerías, entre ellas Shahre y la refinería de petróleo de Najafabad, cerca de Isfahan, también están están siendo atacadas. El objetivo más importante del conflicto hasta ahora, el yacimiento de París Sur, el mayor del mundo. más grande del mundo, compartido con Qatar. Irán también ha atacado zonas de la ciudad portuaria israelí de Haifa con misiles balísticos y drones, obligando a suspender las exportaciones de gas a través de Egipto y restringiendo los flujos de gas natural licuado o GNL a Europa y partes de Asia. Irán lanzó una andanada de misiles que dañó tuberías y líneas de transmisión en la planta de Haifa refinería de petróleo. Fue parcialmente cerrada. Israel también suspendió las operaciones en sus campos de gas de Tamar y Leviatán en el Mediterráneo. por razones de seguridad. La UE, China, India y Japón dependen en gran medida del petróleo de Oriente Medio y están preocupados por la crisis actual, al igual que los vecinos regionales de Irán. Tenemos que condenar muy claramente y la comunidad internacional tiene que dejar muy claro que cualquier objetivo de instalaciones nucleares, cualquier objetivo de instalaciones de combustible o energía en esta región tendría ramificaciones desconocidas. Tercer productor de petróleo del grupo de la OPEP, las exportaciones de Irán hacen que alrededor del cuatro y medio por ciento del suministro mundial, pero los productores de petróleo son capaces de hacer frente a los recortes de suministro de ese tamaño. Cualquier bloqueo de las rutas marítimas, sin embargo, podría restringir los suministros y no sólo de petróleo. El coste de los seguros de los petroleros que transitan por el estrecho de Ormuz ya ha aumentado. Y cualquier interrupción podría hacer subir aún más los precios del petróleo, incluso por encima de los 100 dólares el barril, según la Comisión Europea. algunas estimaciones. La guerra de Israel con Irán, la ralentización del crecimiento en China y el alejamiento de Europa del petróleo y el gas están lastrando el comercio mundial. A esto se suman las preocupaciones sobre la fiabilidad de la administración del presidente estadounidense Donald Trump como socio comercial y diplomático y a algunos expertos les preocupa que la economía mundial pueda precipitarse hacia una tormenta perfecta.

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