La Comisión Europea propuso el martes medidas jurídicamente vinculantes para cortar las importaciones de gas ruso y gas natural licuado de la Unión Europea para finales de 2027, lo que pondría fin a décadas de relaciones energéticas con el antiguo principal proveedor de gas de Europa.

Brussels

The European Commission has proposed a plan to ban imports of Russian gas and liquefied natural gas to the European Union by the end of 2027. This move aims to end decades-old energy relations with Russia, which was previously the EU's top gas supplier. The proposal includes a phased approach: banning new contracts from 2026, followed by restrictions on short-term contracts, and finally terminating existing long-term contracts from 2028. The plan requires approval from a reinforced majority of EU member states and the European Parliament, bypassing the need for unanimous consent that could be blocked by countries like Hungary and Slovakia. The Commission asserts that the ban would not threaten Europe's energy security, citing available alternative supply routes and increased LNG imports from other countries, particularly the United States.

Cómo planea la UE prohibir el gas ruso

La Comisión Europea propuso el martes que la UE prohíba las importaciones de gas ruso por parte de finales de 2027. El bloque se comprometió a poner fin a décadas de relaciones energéticas tras la invasión a gran escala de Ucrania por parte de Rusia en 2022. Todavía necesita aprobación, pero ¿cómo haría Europa para prescindir de su antiguo principal proveedor? A partir de 2026, la UE prohibirá las importaciones de gas ruso y de gas natural licuado. firmados antes de finales de 2025. Tras una etapa intermedia que abarcaría los contratos a corto plazo, la etapa final consistiría en prohibir las importaciones en virtud de los contratos a largo plazo existentes. Esta medida, que entrará en vigor a partir de 2028, romperá los contratos de suministro de empresas como Total Energi, que estaban diseñados para prolongarse hasta la década de 2030. Y alrededor de dos tercios de las importaciones europeas de gas ruso están sujetas a contratos a largo plazo. Dado que la prohibición se basa en la legislación de la UE sobre comercio y energía, puede aprobarse con un refuerzo de los derechos de propiedad intelectual. mayoría. Eso significa tener el apoyo de 15 de los 27 países miembros de la UE, que representan al menos el 65% de la población de la UE, y una mayoría en el Parlamento. La Comisión eligió esta vía para evitar que sus propuestas fueran vetadas por Eslovaquia y Hungría, que utilizan el gasoducto ruso TurkStream. Estos gobiernos se han opuesto a la prohibición. Las sanciones serían la base jurídica más sólida para prohibir el gas ruso, pero requieren unanimidad. de todos los países de la UE. Rusia suministró el 19% de las importaciones de gas de la UE el año pasado, muy por debajo del 45% que suministraba antes de la ampliación. su invasión a gran escala de Ucrania. Se espera que la cuota de Rusia siga cayendo este año, hasta el 13%. La Comisión afirma que sus propuestas no pondrán en peligro el abastecimiento energético de Europa, ya que los países de la UE de GNL o rutas de gasoductos alternativas a través de las cuales pueden importar GNL. gas no ruso. Para sustituir los suministros rusos, la UE se ha mostrado dispuesta a aumentar las importaciones de GNL del Estados Unidos. Bruselas ya recibe presiones del presidente Donald Trump para que lo haga. Para Hungría y Eslovaquia, el cambio a alternativas tendrá un coste.

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