La inteligencia artificial está ayudando a resolver un antiguo misterio del Imperio Romano. Se trata de los pergaminos de una biblioteca que quedó sepultada tras la erupción del Vesubio en el año 79 d.C.

Mount Vesuvius

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Artificial intelligence is playing a pivotal role in solving a long-standing mystery involving papyrus scrolls from a Roman library buried during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. Discovered in Herculaneum, these scrolls were carbonized and previously impossible to unroll without destroying them. Recent advances, including the use of a particle accelerator and AI to detect faint ink, have allowed researchers to virtually 'unwrap' the scrolls and begin reading their contents.

A global competition, the Vesuvius Challenge, incentivized breakthroughs in this field, with college students successfully extracting words from a scroll for the first time. The texts, including reflections by the philosopher Philodemus, mark a significant step forward in the study of ancient literature. With hundreds more scrolls remaining, further discoveries are anticipated as technology continues to advance.

La IA ayuda a resolver el antiguo misterio del Vesubio

Todo empezó con un volcán. Cuando el Vesubio entró en erupción en el año 79 d.C., no sólo arrasó Pompeya y la gente que vivía allí, sino también la cercana ciudad de Herculano. Allí es donde pudimos echar un vistazo, una visita guiada, por así decirlo, profundamente bajo la superficie de la villa que solía estar aquí, una de las más suntuosas del mundo romano. Ahora estamos en la llamada biblioteca. Los arqueólogos del siglo XVIII encontraron esto, 1.800 rollos de papiro, la única biblioteca antigua del mundo que sigue intacta. Sólo había un problema. Estaba carbonizado. Los intentos de desentrañar los pergaminos acabaron en cenizas, dice el profesor Brent Seals, informático de la Universidad de Kentucky. La gente no entendía lo que tenía. Así que algunos pergaminos fueron tirados o quemados, y no puedes volver a juntar a Humpty Dumpty. Sólo ahora, en la Biblioteca Nacional de Nápoles, gracias a la tecnología del siglo XXI, podemos por fin asomarnos al interior, dejando indemne a Humpty Dumpty. Me dije a mí mismo, si puedes usar esa tecnología para ver de forma no invasiva, dentro de un cuerpo humano, por qué no podemos ver todo dentro de un artefacto, como un pergamino? Esa tecnología implicaba un acelerador de partículas en Inglaterra. Más tarde, los científicos produjeron luz que era 10 mil millones de veces más brillante que el sol, actuando como un rayo X. La IA se utilizó entonces para identificar la tinta, por muy tenue que fuera. Pero seguían necesitando humanos a la antigua usanza para descifrar lo que significan esas letras. Para escalar este esfuerzo hercúleo, Seals lanzó el Desafío Vesubio, una competición mundial que ofrece 700.000 dólares en premios. Tres estudiantes universitarios se lo llevaron a casa, haciendo historia al ser los primeros en extraer palabras de un pergamino carbonizado de casi 2.000 años de antigüedad, que había sido prácticamente desenvuelto, reflexiones del filósofo Filodemo. Como, también, en el caso de los alimentos, no lo hacemos de inmediato creemos que las cosas que son escasas absolutamente más agradables que las que son abundantes. Con cientos de pergaminos más por delante, Focas ha lanzado una segunda fase del concurso. con métodos inspirados en la IA que van a marcar el comienzo, ya sabes, nuevos resultados con los que no habíamos soñado. No creo que Renacimiento sea una palabra demasiado fuerte. Quién sabe, musita. El Renacimiento fue, después de todo, personificado por nuestro redescubrimiento de la antigüedad y el humanismo. Y considera esto. Los arqueólogos sólo han empezado a arañar la superficie. ¿Podría haber más ahí fuera? Bueno, creo que la Villa de los Papiros, que no ha sido completamente excavada, tiene muchas, muchas posibilidades de producir más libros. Pero aún nos queda mucho por descubrir.

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La IA ayuda a resolver el antiguo misterio del Vesubio

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