Los esfuerzos de Estados Unidos por cambiar el liderazgo de Irán se remontan a hace siete décadas. Boris Sánchez, de CNN, lo desmenuza.

Tehran

US efforts to influence Iran's leadership date back to the 1953 coup against Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh, who had sought to nationalize Iran's oil industry. The US, with support from the UK, orchestrated Operation Ajax to remove Mossadegh and install a government more aligned with Western interests, providing financial support to the new regime.

The subsequent decades saw growing resentment among Iranians toward foreign influence, culminating in the 1979 Islamic Revolution, which replaced the monarchy with clerical rule. The revolution led to the US embassy hostage crisis and the establishment of a regime that has been described as even more repressive than its predecessor. The details of US involvement in the 1953 coup were only officially confirmed in 2013, highlighting the long-term consequences of foreign intervention in Iran.

Una mirada a los esfuerzos pasados por cambiar el liderazgo iraní

Los críticos de la política exterior de Estados Unidos sostienen que los esfuerzos estadounidenses para cambiar el liderazgo de Irán son una de las principales razones por las que las relaciones entre los dos países están donde están en la actualidad. Exploremos eso retrocediendo unas siete décadas, hasta 1953, cuando EE.UU. ayudó a organizar un golpe de estado contra Mohammad Mossadegh. Era el primer ministro elegido democráticamente en ese momento, y se comprometió a nacionalizar los campos petrolíferos del país, un mensaje que era popular entre su pueblo porque prometía conservar para los iraníes una mayor parte de los beneficios generados por el petróleo iraní. Esa idea, como se puede imaginar, no era muy popular en Gran Bretaña, que tenía una enorme participación en el petróleo iraní en el momento, y también para los Estados Unidos, que buscó activamente para evitar la propagación del comunismo durante la Guerra Fría. Por aquel entonces, el objetivo último de Occidente era consolidar el poder de un monarca, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, y, además, nombrar un nuevo primer ministro, el general Faisal al-Zahedi. Parte de lo que se conoció como Operación Ajax involucró a la CIA, con ayuda del Reino Unido, avivando el fervor con propaganda y protestas a gran escala contra la coalición populista de Mossadegh. Los manifestantes pronto recibieron el apoyo del ejército iraní, y el entonces democráticamente democráticamente elegido, fue obligado a arresto domiciliario. Mientras tanto, la CIA proporcionó de forma encubierta estabilidad financiera al nuevo gobierno, ya que muchos como 5 millones de dólares. Irán pasó décadas con un PM respaldado por Occidente y el sha en el lugar, aunque muchos resentían la influencia extranjera y su supuesta corrupción y tácticas opresivas contra los disidentes, que avivaron el sentimiento antiamericano durante décadas. A finales de los 70, todo ese resentimiento estalló en lo que ahora se conoce como el Revolución Islámica. Millones de iraníes se organizaron contra el régimen y salieron a la calle. Los manifestantes laicos se oponían al autoritarismo del sha, mientras que los islamistas se oponían a su programa para modernizar Irán. En 1979, el sha se vio obligado a huir al exilio y la Revolución Islámica marcó el comienzo de una nueva era. el comienzo del gobierno clerical, el mismo que está en vigor hoy en día. A su paso, los estudiantes iraníes tomaron la embajada de EE.UU. y detuvieron a más de 50 estadounidenses como rehenes, algunos de los cuales fueron retenidos durante unos 444 días. El actual régimen iraní, debemos señalar, se convirtió en posiblemente aún más represivo que su predecesor, especialmente contra los disidentes y las mujeres. También debemos señalar que algunos de estos detalles permanecieron completamente en secreto hasta 2013, cuando la CIA desclasificó los registros que confirman que los EE.UU. estaba involucrado instrumental en este golpe. Se ha argumentado que lo ocurrido en Irán es un caso de libro de texto del efecto boomerang en las relaciones internacionales, donde el intento de un Estado de influir en otro puede ser contraproducente, en este caso, dramáticamente.

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