Después de que India lanzara ataques tanto contra Pakistán como contra la Cachemira administrada por Pakistán, las tensiones entre ambos países alcanzan un nuevo punto álgido en un conflicto que dura décadas.

New Delhi

Tensions between India and Pakistan are rising again, with flight suspensions, blackouts and military strikes. Both sides are trading blame.

India Pakistan War

After recent military actions by India targeting what they describe as terrorist infrastructure in Pakistan and Pakistan-administered Kashmir, tensions between the neighboring nuclear-armed countries have escalated. India initiated these strikes following an incident in which 26 civilians were killed in Indian-controlled Kashmir, an act India attributes to Pakistani involvement—a claim Pakistan firmly denies. This situation adds a new chapter to the longstanding conflict over Kashmir.

The conflict in Kashmir dates back to the partition of British India in 1947, which resulted in the creation of two new nations: Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan. Both countries claim the entire region of Kashmir, which is presently divided among India, Pakistan, and China. Since the partition, the region has experienced multiple wars and persistent violence, largely due to unresolved border disputes and the complex socio-political dynamics of the area.

A significant resurgence in hostilities was observed in 2019 when India conducted a cross-border military operation in Pakistan following a militant attack. The two countries had agreed to a ceasefire in 2021, which had largely held until recent events. The current escalation raises concerns about the future of peace and stability in the region, as each side remains suspicious of the other's intentions.



Por qué las tensiones en Cachemira hacen temer una guerra

¿Están India y Pakistán, estos dos vecinos con armas nucleares, al borde de la guerra? Hemos visto a India lanzar misiles hacia lo que ellos llaman infraestructura terrorista en Pakistán. Esto se produce después de que 26 civiles hayan sido asesinados por militantes en la Cachemira controlada por la India, algo en lo que India acusa a Pakistán de estar involucrado y algo que Pakistán niega completamente. Pero este es un largo conflicto, en el que se ha luchado muchas, muchas veces. ¿Cómo hemos llegado hasta aquí? Bueno, Cachemira es una región que es reclamada en su totalidad tanto por Pakistán aquí arriba como por India aquí. Y China controla esta zona en el este. Esta frontera de facto es supervisada por ambas partes. Esta hermosa tierra montañosa parece tan pintoresca, pero es una de las zonas más militarizadas del mundo. Todo empezó en 1947, cuando los británicos dividieron la India, su antigua colonia, en dos países. Pakistán, de mayoría musulmana, e India, de mayoría hindú. Las fronteras se trazaron apresuradamente y Cachemira quedó atrapada en medio. Pronto estalló la guerra entre los dos nuevos países independientes por el control de Cachemira. Esencialmente, es una cuestión que nunca se ha resuelto. Y sigue estando en el centro de mucha de la violencia que se vive hoy en día. Otras dos guerras estallaron, una en 1965 y otra en 1971. Y durante las dos últimas décadas, los militantes han luchado constantemente con las fuerzas de seguridad indias. Algunos de ellos han exigido la independencia de Cachemira, y otros exigen que Cachemira forme parte de Pakistán. El gobierno indio siempre ha dicho que estos militantes cuentan con el apoyo de Pakistán, y Pakistán siempre ha dicho que no tiene nada que ver con ellos. Pero a lo largo de los años, decenas de miles de personas han muerto a causa de esta violencia. Por ejemplo, puede que recuerdes que en 2019 hubo un aumento de la violencia. Esto sucedió después de un ataque militante transfronterizo en la India, y la India respondiendo con la primera incursión de la Fuerza Aérea India en territorio pakistaní en décadas. En 2021, Pakistán y la India se comprometieron de nuevo a un alto el fuego a lo largo de esta línea de control. Y se mantuvo bastante bien durante los últimos cuatro años más o menos. Pero ahora, con los recientes acontecimientos, hay mucho miedo acerca de cómo esta violencia podría escalar. Y con las normas internacionales ahora realmente cuestionadas, mucha gente se pregunta, ¿a dónde vamos desde aquí?

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India Pakistan War