India y Pakistán han entrado en guerra varias veces desde que se independizaron de Gran Bretaña en 1947. Ambos países poseen armas nucleares, y las tensiones entre los dos vecinos estallan con regularidad. Pero, ¿cuál es el origen de estas hostilidades?

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Tensions between India and Pakistan are rising again, with flight suspensions, blackouts and military strikes. Both sides are trading blame.

India Pakistan War

India and Pakistan, formerly part of British India, became separate nations following independence from Britain in 1947. The region was partitioned into India, West Pakistan, and East Pakistan, prompting around 12 million people to migrate across newly drawn borders based on religious lines.

The princely state of Jammu and Kashmir initially chose not to join either country. When faced with an invasion by tribesmen from Pakistan, its ruler decided to join India, leading to a war between India and Pakistan over Kashmir. This conflict, which resulted in thousands of deaths, concluded with a United Nations-brokered ceasefire that divided the territory between the two countries, though both continued to claim it in full.

In 1965, another war over Kashmir erupted but ended inconclusively after a truce mediated by the Soviet Union. The two neighbors clashed again in 1971, this time over East Pakistan, with India supporting Bengali nationalists seeking independence for what would become Bangladesh. The Shimla Agreement in 1972 redefined the Kashmir ceasefire line as the Line of Control, which now acts as the de facto border, although it is not an internationally recognized boundary.

Following these wars, both India and Pakistan pursued nuclear programs, with India testing its first atomic bomb in 1974 and Pakistan following 14 years later. The emergence of both countries as nuclear powers generated global concern and resulted in sanctions. In 1999, conflict broke out again when Pakistan-backed rebels crossed the disputed Kashmir border and took Indian military posts in the Kargil mountains, sparking intense fighting until Indian forces regained control.

Relations between India and Pakistan have remained tense, with recurring accusations of terrorism. Kashmir continues to be one of the world’s most militarised regions.



Por qué Cachemira es la zona cero de las guerras entre India y Pakistán

Hoy los conocemos como India y Pakistán, pero desde 1757 hasta 1947 formaron parte de de la India británica. Cuando Gran Bretaña concedió la independencia a la India, el territorio se dividió en India, Occidente y Norte de África. Pakistán y Pakistán Oriental. El movimiento impulsó a unos 12 millones de personas a cruzar las fronteras recién establecidas, con los musulmanes hacia el oeste y los hindúes y sijs hacia el este. El principado de Jammu y Cachemira se negó inicialmente a unirse a ninguno de los dos bandos. En octubre de 1947, su gobernante optó por unirse a la India a cambio de su ayuda contra un invasión de tribus de Pakistán. A continuación estalló una guerra entre India y Pakistán por Cachemira, que se cobró miles de vidas en ambos bandos. El conflicto duró hasta enero de 1949, una línea de alto el fuego de la ONU dividió el territorio, con parte administrado por Pakistán y parte por India, aunque ambos lo reclamaron en su totalidad. En 1965, Pakistán lanzó una guerra contra India por el control total de Cachemira. Terminó de forma inconclusa varias semanas después, con una tregua mediada por la Unión Soviética. Los vecinos entraron en guerra por tercera vez en 1971, esta vez por Pakistán Oriental. Nueva Delhi apoyó a los nacionalistas bengalíes, que buscaban la independencia de lo que más tarde se convertiría en Bangladesh. En 1972, el Acuerdo de Shimla puso fin al conflicto y convirtió la línea de alto el fuego de Cachemira en la Línea de Control. Es una línea de control militar que sirve como frontera de facto, aunque no es una frontera internacional legalmente reconocida. Lo que siguió fue una carrera nuclear entre ambos. India detonó su primera bomba atómica en 1974, y la primera prueba pública de Pakistán se produjo 14 años después. Sexta y séptima potencias nucleares del mundo, respectivamente, suscitaron preocupación en todo el mundo. el mundo, así como sanciones. En 1999 estalló un conflicto en las montañas de Kargil, cuando rebeldes apoyados por Pakistán fueron a través de la disputada frontera de Cachemira, tomando puestos militares indios. Nueva Delhi les hizo retroceder, poniendo fin a un sangriento período de 10 semanas de enfrentamientos. Desde entonces, las relaciones entre los vecinos se han mantenido frías en todos los frentes, con ambos acusándose mutuamente de terrorismo. Cachemira sigue siendo una de las zonas más militarizadas del mundo.

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India Pakistan War