El número de mujeres que tienen hijos en Chile ha descendido considerablemente. Tiene la tasa de natalidad más baja de América Latina, una región donde la maternidad cae en picado más rápido que en ningún otro lugar.

Santiago

Chile is experiencing a significant decline in its birth rate, now the lowest in Latin America. Only one in two women of reproductive age are choosing to become mothers, with the average number of children per woman dropping to 1.14, below the replacement rate and even lower than rates in Japan and the European Union. This trend is attributed to factors such as improved access to birth control, fewer adolescent pregnancies, and a shift in social attitudes, including a greater expectation for shared parenting responsibilities.

The declining birth rate is already impacting Chile's economy, with maternity wards and businesses catering to children closing. Migration is currently helping to sustain birth numbers, as one in three babies are now born to foreign mothers. Experts warn that Chile will need to address social and economic challenges to counteract the effects of its growing structural infertility.

Las muertes superan a los nacimientos en toda América Latina

Los niños pequeños, un espectáculo cada vez menos común en Chile, donde sólo uno de cada dos mujeres en edad reproductiva optan por ser madres. Bárbara Maureda, arquitecta de 35 años, y su marido viven en un confortable apartamento de Santiago. con sus dos gatos. Su última pasión es diseñar y producir móviles, y dirige su propia empresa. Su carrera es su prioridad. Crecí pensando que tendría hijos debido a nuestra cultura, pero al final me di cuenta de que de que no era lo que yo quería. Me siento feliz tal y como vivo ahora, con mi familia, mis gatos. No quiero cambiar eso ahora. En los años 50, las mujeres latinoamericanas tenían una media de 5,8 hijos. En 2024, la media es de 1,8, por debajo de la famosa tasa de reemplazo, que es de 2,1 hijos por mujer. mujer, que sería el número necesario para mantener estable la población. Y el descenso de la fecundidad en Chile es el más pronunciado de la región. Sólo 1,14 hijos por mujer, según el último censo, por debajo de Japón y el Unión Europea. Hay muchas razones. Los embarazos de adolescentes, por ejemplo, han disminuido drásticamente, gracias a los programas gubernamentales y un mejor acceso a los métodos anticonceptivos. Ahora las mujeres se han incorporado al mercado laboral, pero quizás lo más importante es que las actitudes sociales han cambiado, y rápidamente. Muchas mujeres están ahora menos dispuestas a ser madres a menos que sus parejas estén comprometidas a hacer la mitad del trabajo. Esto plantea importantes retos demográficos. Porque cuestiona la capacidad de la sociedad para sostenerse en el tiempo, y además porque ejerce una presión muy importante sobre sistemas sociales clave, desde la asistencia a la educación, desde la sanidad a la economía, pasando por el mercado laboral y las pensiones. La economía ya se está resintiendo. Las maternidades y muchos hospitales están cerrando, al igual que las tiendas que vendían ropa de bebé. y juguetes. La tendencia que impide que los nacimientos caigan aún más es la migración. Uno de cada tres bebés nacen ahora de madres extranjeras, como Alejandra, que es a punto de tener su segundo hijo. El alquiler, la comida, todo es caro, pero no creo en abortar. A largo plazo, sin embargo, Chile tendrá que encontrar la manera de mejorar la situación social y económica. para contrarrestar su creciente infertilidad estructural. Lucia Newman, Al Jazeera, Santiago.

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